Graduation Level Topics

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1. Estimation of Blood Glucose Levels Using Colorimetric Methods

Graduation students can use the glucose oxidase-peroxidase method to estimate blood glucose. Absorbance is measured spectrophotometrically and compared to standard curves. This project introduces clinical biochemistry, routinely performed in Indian diagnostic labs for diabetes screening.

2. Protein Estimation in Biological Samples Using Biuret Method

Students can estimate protein content in serum or plant extracts using the Biuret reaction. Color intensity is correlated with protein concentration. This project gives hands-on experience in protein quantification, a foundation for biochemistry in India.

3. Enzyme Activity Assay of Salivary Amylase

Graduation students can test the breakdown of starch by salivary amylase at different pH and temperatures. Maltose formation is measured with DNS assay. This project introduces enzymology, a key area of undergraduate biochemistry courses in India.

4. Qualitative Analysis of Carbohydrates in Plant Extracts

Students can perform Benedict’s, Barfoed’s, and Seliwanoff’s tests on plant sap or fruit juice samples. Positive reactions help identify monosaccharides and disaccharides. This project builds basic carbohydrate chemistry skills, essential in Indian teaching labs.

5. Lipid Extraction and Estimation by Folch Method

Graduation students can extract lipids from milk or oilseeds using chloroform-methanol mixtures. Lipid yield is quantified gravimetrically. This project demonstrates biochemical analysis of fats, directly relevant to India’s food and dairy research.

6. Effect of Inhibitors on Enzyme Kinetics

Students can test the activity of urease or catalase in the presence of competitive and non-competitive inhibitors. Reaction rates are plotted against substrate concentrations. This project introduces enzyme inhibition principles, widely applied in drug discovery.

7. Isolation of DNA from Onion or Human Buccal Cells

Graduation students can extract genomic DNA using detergent and ethanol precipitation. DNA yield is visualized as threads or bands. This project provides hands-on exposure to nucleic acid biochemistry, now common in Indian UG labs.

8. Determination of Vitamin C Content in Fruits

Students can quantify ascorbic acid in lemon or orange juice using 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol titration. Results are expressed in mg/100 ml. This project links biochemistry to nutrition studies, relevant in India’s food quality testing.

9. Electrophoretic Separation of Serum Proteins

Graduation students can use paper or agarose gel electrophoresis to separate serum proteins. Albumin and globulin fractions are visualized. This project introduces clinical diagnostic biochemistry practiced in Indian pathology labs.

10. Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Stability

Students can incubate enzymes like catalase or amylase at different temperatures and measure activity loss. Thermal denaturation curves are plotted. This project highlights enzyme stability, relevant for industrial enzyme use in India.

11. Separation of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography

Graduation students can separate amino acids from protein hydrolysates using paper chromatography with ninhydrin detection. Migration distances are compared to standards. This project introduces biochemical separation techniques, a foundation for labs in India.

12. Study of Hemoglobin and its Derivatives

Students can analyze oxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin absorption spectra using spectrophotometry. Shifts in peaks are correlated with functional changes. This project builds understanding of blood biochemistry, critical for Indian medical and clinical studies.

13. Determination of Serum Cholesterol Levels

Graduation students can use Liebermann-Burchard reaction or enzymatic kits to estimate cholesterol in blood samples. Results are compared with clinical reference values. This project reflects India’s emphasis on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular biochemistry.

14. Analysis of Enzyme Kinetics: Determining Km and Vmax

Students can study enzyme kinetics of catalase or alkaline phosphatase by measuring reaction rates at varying substrate concentrations. Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots are prepared. This project introduces kinetic modeling used in pharma and biotech industries.

15. Qualitative Analysis of Amino Acids and Proteins

Graduation students can perform color reactions like Xanthoproteic, Millon’s, and Biuret tests on protein solutions. Observed reactions confirm presence of specific amino acid groups. This project provides basic training in protein chemistry.

16. Extraction of Plant Pigments and Spectral Analysis

Students can extract chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins from leaves or flowers using organic solvents. Absorption spectra are recorded using a spectrophotometer. This project links biochemistry with plant physiology, widely practiced in Indian agricultural labs.

17. Estimation of Urea in Biological Samples

Graduation students can measure urea in serum or urine using diacetyl monoxime or enzymatic methods. Results are compared with clinical values. This project introduces nitrogen metabolism biochemistry, relevant to kidney function studies in India.

18. Buffer Preparation and pH Stability Studies

Students can prepare phosphate, acetate, and Tris buffers at varying pH values. Buffering capacity is tested against acid or alkali addition. This project introduces biochemical buffers, essential for Indian labs in all biosciences.

19. Biochemical Analysis of Milk Components

Graduation students can estimate lactose, casein, and fat content in milk samples. Standard dairy analysis protocols are followed. This project is directly relevant to India’s dairy industry, the largest in the world.

20. Effect of Heavy Metals on Enzyme Activity

Students can expose enzymes like catalase or urease to metal ions such as Hg²⁺ or Cu²⁺. Loss of enzyme activity is recorded. This project links environmental biochemistry with toxicology, relevant to Indian pollution studies.

21. Detection of Ketone Bodies in Urine

Graduation students can use Rothera’s test to detect ketone bodies in urine samples. Results indicate metabolic disorders like uncontrolled diabetes. This project links biochemistry to clinical diagnostics, highly relevant in Indian healthcare settings.

22. Estimation of Serum Uric Acid Levels

Students can use uricase-based enzymatic methods to measure uric acid in blood. Results are compared with normal clinical ranges. This project introduces students to purine metabolism and its disorders, important in India where gout cases are rising.

23. Biochemical Estimation of Creatinine in Serum

Graduation students can use the Jaffe reaction to quantify creatinine levels. Data is used to assess kidney function. This project provides exposure to clinical biochemistry protocols commonly used in Indian diagnostic labs.

24. Study of Enzyme Denaturation by pH

Students can treat catalase or amylase with buffers of varying pH and record activity changes. Optimum and denaturation ranges are identified. This project highlights protein stability, important for Indian food and pharmaceutical industries.

25. Isolation of Casein from Milk

Graduation students can precipitate casein by acidifying milk and recover it by filtration. Yield is quantified. This project introduces protein chemistry with direct application to India’s dairy research.

26. Qualitative Tests for Lipids

Students can perform Sudan III, saponification, and acrolein tests to detect fats and oils. Positive results confirm lipid classes in samples. This project gives students practical exposure to lipid chemistry, widely taught in Indian biochemistry labs.

27. Extraction and Quantification of Plant Phenolics

Graduation students can extract phenolic compounds from tea leaves using methanol and measure total phenols with Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. This project reflects India’s research on plant antioxidants in food biochemistry.

28. Osmotic Fragility Test of Red Blood Cells

Students can expose human RBCs to hypotonic solutions and record hemolysis. Results reflect membrane stability. This project provides insight into blood biochemistry and is relevant to Indian hematology studies.

29. Isolation and Detection of Starch from Potatoes

Graduation students can extract starch granules and confirm presence using iodine staining. Yield is calculated gravimetrically. This project introduces carbohydrate biochemistry with relevance to Indian agriculture and food industry.

30. Analysis of Vitamin D Levels Using ELISA Kits

Students can measure serum vitamin D using ELISA-based protocols. Data is compared with deficiency cut-offs. This project links biochemistry with public health nutrition, highly important in India where vitamin D deficiency is common.

31. Detection of Reducing Sugars in Urine

Graduation students can use Benedict’s test to detect reducing sugars in urine samples. A positive result may indicate diabetes mellitus. This project introduces clinical biochemistry, highly practiced in Indian diagnostic centers.

32. Effect of Substrate Concentration on Enzyme Activity

Students can measure enzyme activity (e.g., salivary amylase) at varying starch concentrations. A saturation curve is plotted to show substrate-enzyme dynamics. This project introduces enzyme kinetics at the UG level.

33. Isolation of Chloroplast Pigments by Column Chromatography

Graduation students can separate chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids from spinach leaves using silica columns. Pigment bands are compared visually. This project links biochemistry to plant sciences, relevant in Indian agricultural research.

34. Estimation of Hemoglobin Levels Using Sahli’s Method

Students can use Sahli’s hemometer to estimate hemoglobin in blood. Data is compared with clinical norms. This project introduces hematological biochemistry, commonly practiced in Indian physiology labs.

35. Quantification of Serum Total Proteins by Lowry Method

Graduation students can use Folin–Ciocalteu reagent to measure protein concentration in serum samples. Results are validated with standard curves. This project provides practical experience with one of the most cited biochemical assays.

36. Analysis of Food Additives and Preservatives

Students can test packaged food samples for additives such as benzoates or sulfites using biochemical assays. Concentrations are compared with FSSAI safety standards. This project connects biochemistry to food safety, vital in India’s food industry.

37. Study of Enzyme Co-factors in Metabolic Reactions

Graduation students can measure the effect of NAD⁺ on dehydrogenase activity in tissue extracts. Absorbance changes are recorded. This project introduces coenzyme functions, essential in Indian UG biochemistry curricula.

38. Detection of Bilirubin in Serum Samples

Students can use the diazo method to measure bilirubin levels. Elevated values indicate jaundice or liver disease. This project links biochemistry to clinical diagnostics, especially relevant in India’s hepatology research.

39. Determination of Protein Denaturation by Heat

Graduation students can expose albumin to boiling and analyze structural changes using Biuret or UV absorption. Denaturation curves are plotted. This project provides basic insight into protein stability, widely taught in India.

40. Estimation of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Activity

Students can measure LDH activity in serum using spectrophotometric assays. Elevated levels are linked to tissue damage. This project introduces enzyme biomarkers, highly relevant in Indian medical biochemistry labs.

41. Estimation of Blood Plasma Proteins by Electrophoresis

Graduation students can separate plasma proteins using agarose gel electrophoresis. Albumin and globulin fractions are quantified. This project introduces students to clinical biochemistry tools applied in Indian hospitals.

42. Biochemical Detection of Adulteration in Milk

Students can test milk samples for starch, urea, or detergents using standard biochemical assays. Results are compared with FSSAI safety norms. This project connects biochemistry to India’s food quality and safety sector.

43. Estimation of Serum Calcium Levels

Graduation students can use the o-cresolphthalein complexone method to estimate calcium in serum samples. Clinical values are compared with reference ranges. This project provides training in mineral metabolism biochemistry.

44. Study of the Effect of pH on Protein Solubility

Students can expose casein to buffers of varying pH and analyze solubility patterns. Precipitation curves are recorded. This project demonstrates protein chemistry principles in a simple, hands-on manner.

45. Estimation of Phosphatase Activity in Plant Tissues

Graduation students can measure acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in germinating seeds. Results highlight enzyme roles in plant metabolism. This project links biochemistry to Indian agricultural studies.

46. Analysis of Lipid Peroxidation in Biological Samples

Students can measure malondialdehyde (MDA) levels using the thiobarbituric acid assay in tissues exposed to oxidative stress. This project provides a practical introduction to oxidative biochemistry, relevant in Indian health research.

47. Detection of Glycosuria in Clinical Samples

Graduation students can test urine for glucose using Benedict’s and enzymatic dipstick methods. Results are compared with clinical norms. This project connects laboratory biochemistry to diabetes monitoring in India.

48. Isolation of Mitochondria from Plant or Animal Tissues

Students can use differential centrifugation to isolate mitochondria from liver or spinach. Integrity is checked via succinate dehydrogenase activity. This project provides practical exposure to organelle biochemistry.

49. Estimation of Serum Triglycerides Using Enzymatic Kits

Graduation students can measure triglycerides spectrophotometrically using GPO-PAP reagent. Results are compared to reference values. This project introduces students to lipid biochemistry relevant in cardiovascular diagnostics in India.

50. Study of Enzyme Immobilization Techniques

Students can immobilize amylase on calcium alginate beads and test its activity compared to free enzyme. Stability and reusability are analyzed. This project introduces industrial biochemistry concepts, practiced in Indian biotech labs.

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Post-Graduation Level Topics 

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1. Proteomic Profiling of Cancer Biomarkers

Postgraduates can analyze serum samples from cancer patients using mass spectrometry to identify differential protein expression. Bioinformatics is applied for pathway mapping. This project reflects India’s growing focus on translational cancer proteomics for diagnostics.

2. Structural Analysis of Enzymes Using X-ray Crystallography

Students can express and purify recombinant enzymes, crystallize them, and determine 3D structures using crystallographic data. Structural insights guide drug design. This project introduces structural biochemistry, practiced in CSIR and IIT research labs in India.

3. Metabolomic Studies in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Postgraduates can use NMR or LC-MS-based metabolomics to identify altered metabolic signatures in diabetic patients. Results are analyzed against clinical data. This project reflects India’s priority research in metabolic diseases.

4. CRISPR-based Enzyme Engineering for Industrial Biochemistry

Students can design CRISPR-Cas9 constructs to modify enzyme genes for enhanced stability and yield. Recombinant strains are tested under industrial conditions. This project connects molecular biochemistry with India’s industrial biotech needs.

5. Nanoparticle–Protein Interaction Studies

Postgraduates can analyze how gold or silver nanoparticles interact with serum proteins like albumin using fluorescence quenching. Binding constants are calculated. This project reflects nanobiochemistry, a fast-growing field in India.

6. Biochemical Basis of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Students can study amyloid-beta aggregation using spectroscopic methods. Aggregation inhibitors from plant extracts are tested for efficacy. This project reflects India’s neurobiochemistry research into Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

7. Role of Post-translational Modifications in Protein Function

Postgraduates can use phosphoproteomics to study signaling proteins in cancer cells. Modified residues are mapped to understand regulation. This project introduces advanced protein chemistry, actively researched in Indian molecular labs.

8. In Silico Drug Discovery Targeting Enzymes

Students can perform molecular docking of phytochemicals with enzymes such as HIV protease or bacterial kinases. Virtual hits are validated biochemically. This project reflects computational biochemistry widely used in Indian pharma research.

9. Redox Biochemistry in Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Postgraduates can measure reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes, and mitochondrial potential in disease models. Interventions using natural antioxidants are tested. This project reflects India’s biomedical interest in oxidative stress research.

10. Single-cell Biochemical Analysis Using Flow Cytometry

Students can analyze intracellular enzyme activity or ROS at the single-cell level using flow cytometry. Data is compared between diseased and control cells. This project highlights advanced biochemical techniques used in Indian medical research centers.

11. Lipidomics in Cardiovascular Disease Research

Postgraduates can use LC-MS to analyze lipid profiles in patient serum. Altered lipid species are correlated with cardiovascular risks. This project reflects India’s rising focus on lipid biochemistry and heart disease biomarkers.

12. Protein-Protein Interaction Studies Using Yeast Two-Hybrid System

Students can clone genes of interest into bait and prey vectors to detect interactions. Positive hits are validated with co-immunoprecipitation. This project introduces advanced molecular biochemistry, commonly applied in Indian structural biology labs.

13. Enzyme Kinetics of Mutant Variants in Drug Resistance

Postgraduates can study how mutations in enzymes like β-lactamase affect substrate affinity. Kinetic constants (Km, Vmax) are compared with wild types. This project reflects India’s research in antimicrobial resistance biochemistry.

14. Biochemical Characterization of Plant Secondary Metabolites

Students can extract alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids from Indian medicinal plants. Activity is evaluated against oxidative stress assays. This project integrates traditional medicine with modern biochemistry, highly relevant to India.

15. Structural Biochemistry Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Postgraduates can simulate protein-ligand complexes using GROMACS or AMBER software. Binding free energy and stability are calculated. This project reflects India’s growing use of computational biochemistry in drug design.

16. Glycoproteomics in Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Students can use lectin-based assays or MS to identify glycoprotein biomarkers in diseases like tuberculosis. Glycan signatures are mapped. This project supports India’s efforts to improve infectious disease biochemistry diagnostics.

17. Epigenetic Regulation of Enzyme Expression

Postgraduates can study DNA methylation effects on metabolic enzyme expression in cancer cell lines. Bisulfite sequencing is used for validation. This project reflects advanced molecular biochemistry, widely researched in Indian cancer labs.

18. Study of Heat Shock Proteins in Stress Biochemistry

Students can induce stress in cultured cells and measure HSP expression using Western blotting. Results are analyzed for protective roles. This project reflects India’s interest in biochemical stress response studies.

19. Biochemical Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance Efflux Pumps

Postgraduates can measure ATPase activity and substrate transport in bacterial efflux systems. Mutant strains are tested for resistance profiles. This project links biochemical enzymology with India’s AMR (antimicrobial resistance) crisis.

20. Nutritional Biochemistry of Functional Foods

Students can biochemically evaluate probiotics, prebiotics, and fortified foods for antioxidant or enzymatic activity. Results are compared with marketed products. This project reflects India’s nutraceutical boom and biochemical validation needs.

21. Structural Elucidation of Enzyme Inhibitors Using NMR

Postgraduates can use solution-state NMR to analyze enzyme-inhibitor complexes. Binding interactions are mapped at the atomic level. This project reflects India’s growing adoption of NMR in biochemical drug discovery.

22. Metabolic Engineering of Yeast for Bioethanol Production

Students can alter glycolytic enzyme expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to improve ethanol yields. Fermentation efficiency is quantified biochemically. This project links applied biochemistry with India’s biofuel industry.

23. Role of Free Radicals in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Postgraduates can measure ROS and oxidative damage markers in neuronal cell models. Protective effects of natural antioxidants are analyzed. This project reflects India’s expanding biochemistry research on Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

24. Post-translational Modification Mapping in Signal Transduction

Students can identify phosphorylation and acetylation sites in signaling proteins using proteomics. Changes are studied in response to stimuli. This project introduces advanced biochemical regulation, relevant in Indian cancer biology labs.

25. Biochemical Characterization of Bioplastics Degrading Enzymes

Postgraduates can isolate soil microbes producing enzymes that degrade PLA and PHA plastics. Enzyme activity is measured spectrophotometrically. This project connects industrial biochemistry to India’s sustainability goals.

26. Mitochondrial Biochemistry in Aging

Students can measure mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities and ATP production in aging tissues. ROS levels are quantified. This project reflects India’s biogerontology research exploring biochemical aging pathways.

27. Protein Folding and Misfolding Studies Using Fluorescence

Postgraduates can monitor protein folding kinetics with tryptophan fluorescence. Aggregation is induced chemically and inhibitors are tested. This project connects structural biochemistry to diseases like amyloidosis, under study in India.

28. Biochemical Role of MicroRNAs in Cancer Metabolism

Students can analyze microRNA-regulated enzymes in cancer cell glycolysis. Expression is validated using qPCR and activity assays. This project integrates molecular biochemistry with oncology, highly relevant in Indian research.

29. Biochemical Approaches in Biomarker Discovery for Tuberculosis

Postgraduates can analyze patient serum for protein and metabolite markers using mass spectrometry. Diagnostic accuracy is compared with conventional tests. This project supports India’s priority in TB research.

30. Computational Biochemistry for Enzyme Mutational Stability Prediction

Students can use in silico tools to predict how point mutations alter enzyme stability. Predictions are validated with biochemical assays. This project reflects India’s integration of bioinformatics into biochemistry training.

31. Biochemical Basis of Insulin Resistance

Postgraduates can study insulin receptor phosphorylation and downstream signaling in adipocyte cultures. Western blot and glucose uptake assays are used. This project reflects India’s focus on diabetes biochemistry, a major public health issue.

32. Structural Biochemistry of Viral Proteins

Students can model and analyze structural domains of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using crystallography or molecular dynamics. Binding with ACE2 is characterized. This project reflects India’s urgent biochemical research during pandemics.

33. Enzyme Immobilization on Nanomaterials for Biocatalysis

Postgraduates can immobilize lipases or cellulases on carbon nanotubes or graphene oxide. Enzyme stability and reusability are tested. This project connects industrial biochemistry with India’s nanotechnology research.

34. Biochemical Insights into Plant Stress Tolerance

Students can analyze antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, catalase, peroxidase) in plants under drought or salinity stress. Metabolite changes are quantified. This project links plant biochemistry with Indian agricultural research.

35. Kinetic Modeling of Metabolic Pathways

Postgraduates can use computational tools to simulate glycolysis or TCA cycle kinetics under altered enzyme activities. Predictions are validated with experimental data. This project integrates systems biochemistry with modeling, gaining ground in Indian labs.

36. Biochemical Basis of Antibiotic-induced Oxidative Stress in Bacteria

Students can measure ROS levels and antioxidant enzyme responses in bacteria exposed to antibiotics. Resistance mechanisms are evaluated. This project reflects India’s AMR-focused biochemistry research.

37. Role of Lipid Rafts in Signal Transduction

Postgraduates can isolate membrane fractions and analyze lipid-protein complexes involved in signaling. Detergent-resistant membranes are studied biochemically. This project reflects advanced cell biochemistry widely researched in India.

38. Biochemical Markers in Chronic Kidney Disease

Students can measure creatinine, urea, uric acid, and cystatin-C levels in patient serum samples. Enzyme-based assays are compared. This project links medical biochemistry with clinical research in India.

39. Comparative Biochemistry of Probiotic Strains

Postgraduates can analyze enzyme activities, bile salt hydrolase, and metabolite production in Indian probiotic isolates. Functional properties are compared to global strains. This project connects biochemistry with India’s nutraceutical industry.

40. Biochemical Analysis of Apoptosis Pathways

Students can evaluate caspase activity, cytochrome c release, and DNA fragmentation in cancer cells treated with drugs. Results highlight programmed cell death pathways. This project reflects India’s emphasis on biochemical oncology research.

41. Biochemical Characterization of Drug–DNA Interactions

Postgraduates can study how anticancer drugs bind to DNA using UV-vis spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Binding constants are calculated. This project reflects India’s research on drug-target interactions at the molecular level.

42. Metabolic Pathway Engineering for Bioplastic Production

Students can genetically modify bacteria to enhance polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. Enzyme activities in the pathway are monitored biochemically. This project supports India’s bioplastic initiatives for sustainable industries.

43. Role of Metalloproteins in Human Diseases

Postgraduates can analyze the activity of metalloproteins like superoxide dismutase in disease models. Metal ion binding is studied using spectroscopic methods. This project reflects advanced biochemical approaches to disease research in India.

44. Biochemical Basis of Cancer Cell Metabolism (Warburg Effect)

Students can measure glycolytic enzyme activities, lactate levels, and mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells. Results confirm altered metabolism. This project highlights metabolic biochemistry, a growing field in Indian oncology research.

45. Enzyme Evolution and Directed Mutagenesis Studies

Postgraduates can perform site-directed mutagenesis on enzyme genes and test biochemical properties of mutants. Activity and stability are compared with wild types. This project introduces evolutionary biochemistry, practiced in Indian molecular labs.

46. Biochemical Role of Autophagy in Cellular Stress

Students can induce autophagy in cell cultures and monitor LC3 conversion, protease activity, and metabolite recycling. Results show adaptive biochemistry under stress. This project reflects India’s biomedical research in autophagy-linked disorders.

47. Biochemical Investigations of Traditional Ayurvedic Formulations

Postgraduates can analyze antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme-modulating activities of formulations like Triphala or Ashwagandha. Results are validated against standard biochemical assays. This project connects traditional Indian medicine with modern biochemical validation.

48. Systems Biochemistry of Microbial Consortia in Bioremediation

Students can study enzyme activities (laccase, dehydrogenase) in microbial consortia degrading dyes or pesticides. Pathway integration is modeled biochemically. This project reflects India’s environmental biotechnology focus.

49. Computational Prediction of Allosteric Enzyme Regulation

Postgraduates can use molecular dynamics and docking to predict allosteric sites in metabolic enzymes. Predictions are validated experimentally. This project introduces computational biochemistry approaches used in Indian drug design labs.

50. Roadmap for Translational Biochemistry in Indian Healthcare

Students can evaluate how proteomics, metabolomics, and enzymology research can be translated into diagnostics and therapies. Policy and ethical aspects are discussed. This project connects advanced biochemistry with India’s public health priorities.